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LM324 IC – (Quad Op-Amp) DIP-14
🎛️ LM324 IC – Quad Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) – DIP-14
The LM324 is a highly popular quad op-amp IC containing four independent high-gain operational amplifiers in a single package. Designed to operate from a single power supply, it is perfect for low-power applications like sensor interfacing, filtering, and analog signal conditioning.
The LM324 is widely used in Arduino, sensor projects, audio preamps, and industrial analog systems.
⚙️ Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Number of Op-Amps | 4 (quad) |
| Power Supply Voltage | 3V to 32V (single supply) or ±1.5V to ±16V (dual) |
| Input Offset Voltage | Max ±3 mV |
| Input Bias Current | ~45 nA |
| Slew Rate | 0.5 V/µs |
| Gain Bandwidth Product | 1.2 MHz |
| Output Voltage Swing | GND to (Vcc – 1.5V) |
| Package Type | DIP-14 |
| Short-Circuit Protection | Yes |
📌 Pin Configuration (DIP-14)
| Pin | Function | Pin | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Output 1 | 8 | Output 3 |
| 2 | Inverting Input 1 | 9 | Inverting Input 3 |
| 3 | Non-Inverting Input 1 | 10 | Non-Inverting Input 3 |
| 4 | Vcc (Positive Supply) | 11 | Output 4 |
| 5 | Non-Inverting Input 2 | 12 | Inverting Input 4 |
| 6 | Inverting Input 2 | 13 | Non-Inverting Input 4 |
| 7 | Output 2 | 14 | GND (Negative Supply) |
🛠️ Applications
Sensor signal conditioning (e.g., temperature, LDR, gas sensors)
Audio amplifiers and preamps
Voltage followers (buffer circuits)
Active low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filters
Oscillators and comparators
Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog interfacing
📌 Example Use Case
Use LM324 with an LDR (light sensor) to detect brightness and control LEDs or relays. The op-amp can act as a comparator to switch on lights at night.